Competitiveness can be best measured by

A. Gross margin
B. income margin
C. sales margin
D. cost margin
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Competitiveness can be best measured by gross margin. Gross margin is a company’s net sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold (COGS). In other words, it is the sales revenue a company retains after incurring the direct costs associated with producing the goods it sells, and the services it provides.

Time period between issuance of shares and filing of registration to Securities Exchange Commission is classified as

A. filing period
B. quiet period
C. silence period
D. noise period
✅ The correct answer is option B.
Time period between issuance of shares and filing of registration to Securities Exchange Commission is classified as quiet period. The time period principle is the concept that a business should report the financial results of its activities over a standard time period, which is usually monthly, quarterly, or annually.

Rumours are likely to spread fastest in all of the following instances except when

A. the rumour seems credible
B. the recipient is emotionally anxious
C. the information is important to those involved
D. the recipient is not concerned about the information
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Rumours are likely to spread fastest in all of the following instances except when the recipient is not concerned about the information. Rumors are public communications that reflect private hypotheses about how the world works. Embellished by allegations or attributions based on circum- stantial evidence, they are attempts to make sense of uncertain situations.

Operations Research involves ______________ attack of complex problems to arrive at the optimum solution.

A. Scientific
B. Systematic
C. Both A and B
D. Statistical
✅ The correct answer is option C.
Operations Research involves scientific and systematic attack of complex problems to arrive at the optimum solution. An optimal solution is a feasible solution where the objective function reaches its maximum (or minimum) value – for example, the most profit or the least cost. A globally optimal solution is one where there are no other feasible solutions with better objective function values.

Which one of the following is a function of the systems analysis stage?

A. Developing the functional requirements of the system
B. Conducting a feasibility study
C. Hardware acquisition
D. Personnel training
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Developing the functional requirements of the system is a function of the systems analysis stage. The analysis phase involves gathering requirements for the system. At this stage, business needs are studied with the intention of making business processes more efficient. The system analysis phase focuses on what the system will do in an effort that views all stakeholders, as viable sources of information.

To calculate what, fixed cost is divided into contribution margin per unit?

A. fixed output
B. variable output
C. breakeven number of units
D. total number of units
✅ The correct answer is option C.
To calculate breakeven number of units, fixed cost is divided into contribution margin per unit. A break-even analysis is a financial tool which helps you to determine at what stage your company, or a new service or a product, will be profitable. In other words, it’s a financial calculation for determining the number of products or services a company should sell to cover its costs (particularly fixed costs). Break-even is a situation where you are neither making money nor losing money, but all your costs have been covered.

If an organization is to survive, which of the following is most essential?

A. Strong financial performance
B. Committed employees
C. High level of service
D. Customer retention
✅ The correct answer is option C.
If an organization is to survive, High level of service is most essential. At the highest level, the minimum attributes that the customer/stakeholder expects in the service include: High quality, Customer friendly, Environmentally responsible, etc.