When tc1 and tc2 are the temperatures of cold fluid at entry and exit respectively and th1 and th2 are the temperatures of hot fluid at entry and exit point, and cold fluid has lower heat capacity rate as compared to hot fluid, then effectiveness of the heat exchanger is given by

✅ The correct answer is option D.

The purpose of a cylinder head gasket is to

prevent the combustion gases from leaking from the joint between the cylinder block and the cylinder head
prevent engine oil from going into combustion chamber
removes impurities from cylinder head lubricating oil
none of the above
✅ The correct answer is option A.