Which mechanism is applied to use a design pattern in an OO system ?

A. Inheritance
B. Composition
C. All of the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned
✅ The correct answer is option C.
Explanation: Using inheritance, an existing design pattern becomes a template for a new subclass.Composition is a concept that leads to aggregate objects.

The ______________ of a relationship is 0 if there is no explicit need for the relationship to occur or the relationship is optional ?

A. modality
B. cardinality
C. entity
D. structured analysis
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Explanation: The modality is 1 if an occurrence of the relationship is mandatory, else 0 for optional relationship

Which pattern prevents one from creating more than one instance of a variable ?

A. Factory Method
B. Singleton
C. Observer
D. None of the mentioned
✅ The correct answer is option B.
Explanation: In singleton pattern, the class itself is made responsible for keeping track of its instance.Thus it ensures that no more than one instance is created.

We use _______________ where various parts of system use are identified and analyzed in turn?

A. tangible entities
B. scenario-based analysis
C. design-based analysis
D. none of the mentioned
✅ The correct answer is option B.
Explanation: Use a scenario-based analysis where various scenarios of system use are identified and analyzed in turn.

Which of the following is not a construct ?

A. sequence
B. condition
C. repetition
D. selection
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Explanation: Sequence implements processing steps that are essential in the specification of any algorithm. Condition provides the facility for selected processing based on some logical occurrence, and repetition allows for looping.

Which of the following is not needed to develop a system design from concept to detailed object-oriented design ?

A. Designing system architecture
B. Developing design models
C. Specifying interfaces
D. Developing a debugging system
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Explanation: The debugging system is a part of testing phase