Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 – 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

η = 17 – 61.1 log μ
η = 1.66 – 0.25 log μ
η = 0.25 log μ – 1.67
✅ The correct answer is option A.

An adequate clearance between the tray and the shell wall of a distillation column is provided to

drain the liquid from the tray when the unit is not in operation.
allow for thermal expansion and facilitate installation.
avoid back-trapping.
none of these.
✅ The correct answer is option B.