43. Which of the following examples is/are models of application architectures ?

A. a means of assessing components for reuse
B. a design checklist
C. a vocabulary for talking about types of applications
D. all of the mentioned
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Explanation: Application architectures encapsulate the principal characteristics of a class of systems

44. What is an abstract class ?

A. A class that has direct instances, but whose descendants may have direct instances
B. A class that has direct instances, but whose descendants may not have direct instances
C. A class that has no direct instances, but whose descendants may have direct instances
D. All of the mentioned
✅ The correct answer is option C.
Explanation: An abstract type is a type in a nominative type system which cannot be instantiated directly.