All the parameters in the linear programming model are assumed to be ____________.

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A. Variables
B. Constraints
C. Functions
D. None of the above
✅ The correct answer is option B.
All the parameters in the linear programming model are assumed to be Constraints. For a problem to be a linear programming problem, the decision variables, objective function and constraints all have to be linear functions. If the all the three conditions are satisfied, it is called a Linear Programming Problem.

Price which is paid by bidders and is accepted by all other bidders is classified as

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A. highest price
B. lowest price
C. zero price
D. peak price
✅ The correct answer is option B.
Price which is paid by bidders and is accepted by all other bidders is classified as lowest price. A bidder is someone who offers to pay a certain amount of money for something that is being sold.

MBO is a

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A. Technique of management
B. Process of management
C. Steps in management
D. Procedure in management
✅ The correct answer is option A.
MBO is a technique of management. Management by objectives (MBO) is a strategic management model that aims to improve the performance of an organization by clearly defining objectives that are agreed to by both management and employees.

Selecting a best course of action among the alternatives is called as_________.

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A. decision making
B. planning
C. organizing
D. controlling
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Selecting a best course of action among the alternatives is called as decision making. Decision-Making is a process of selection from a set of alternative courses of action which is thoughtful to fulfill the objective of the decision problem more satisfactorily than others.

Customer sustaining costs, customer batch-level costs and customer output-unit level costs are classified as

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A. customer level indirect costs
B. customer level direct costs
C. corporate level direct costs
D. corporate level indirect costs
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Customer sustaining costs, customer batch-level costs and customer output-unit level costs are classified as customer level indirect costs. Indirect costs include administration, personnel and security costs. These are those costs which are not directly related to production. Some indirect costs may be overhead. But some overhead costs can be directly attributed to a project and are direct costs.

Which of the following is not a key theme in market development?

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A. Identifying new uses for existing products and services
B. Strategic positioning
C. Developing new products for new markets and segments
D. Identifying new markets and segments
✅ The correct answer is option C.
Developing new products for new markets and segments is not a key theme in market development. New product development (NPD) is the process of bringing a new product to the marketplace.

Which one of these would not be a problem for an organization attempting to establish a unified vision or direction?

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A. The constraints applied by key stakeholders upon the organizations management
B. The personal objectives of those within the organization
C. The varying expectations of external stakeholders
D. Conflicts between the product and its desired target market
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Conflicts between the product and its desired target market would not be a problem for an organization attempting to establish a unified vision or direction.

____ is media used in network which is used to connect between countries.

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A. Satellite
B. Fibre optics
C. Coaxial
D. Twisted pair
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Satellite is media used in network which is used to connect between countries. Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet, and military applications. There are 2,134 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit, used by both private and government organizations.