The major principal stress in an element of cohesionless soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is________________?

A. vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
B. vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
C. inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
D. none of the above
✅ The correct answer is option A.

The ultimate consolidation settlement of a structure resting on a soil_______________?

A. decreases with the increase in the initial voids ratio
B. decreases with the decrease in the plastic limit
C. increases with the increase in the initial voids ratio
D. increases with the decrease in the porosity of the soil
✅ The correct answer is option A.

A 600 mm square bearing plate settles by 15 mm in plate load test on a cohesionless soil under an intensity of loading of 0.2 N/ram2. The settlement of a prototype shallow footing 1 m square under the same intensity of loading is_______________?

A. 15 mm
B. between 15 mm and 25 mm
C. 25 mm
D. greater than 25 mm
✅ The correct answer is option B.

If the material of the base of the Casagrande liquid limit device on which the cup containing soil paste drops is softer than the standard hard rubber, then______________?

A. the liquid limit of soil always increases
B. the liquid limit of soil always decreases
C. the liquid limit of soil may increase
D. the liquid limit of soil may decrease
✅ The correct answer is option A.