Kirchhoff’s law states that

the total radiation from a black body per second per unit area is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature
the wave length corresponding to the maximum energy is proportional to the absolute temperature
the ratio of the emissive power and absorptive power of all bodies is the same and is equal to the emissive power of a perfectly black body
none of the above
✅ The correct answer is option C.

When an open coiled helical compression spring is subjected to an axial compressive load, the maximum shear stress induced in the wire is (where D = Mean diameter of the spring coil, d = Diameter of the spring wire, K = Wahl’s stress factor, and W = Axial compressive load on the spring)

✅ The correct answer is option D.