Which of the following functions is/ are performed by the loader ?

A. Physically place the machine instructions and data into memory
B. Allocate space in memory for the programs and resolve symbolic references between object decks
C. Adjust all address dependent locations, such as address constants, to correspond to the allocated space
D. All of the above
✅ The correct answer is option D.

In analyzing the compilation of PL/I program, the term “Machine independent optimization” is associated with______________?

A. creation of more optional matrix
B. recognition of basic syntactic constructs through reductions
C. recognition of basic elements and creation of uniform symbols
D. use of macro processor to produce more optimal assembly code
✅ The correct answer is option A.