When a circular bar tapering uniformly from diameter d1, at one end to diameter d2 at the other end, is subjected to an increase in temperature (t), then the thermal stress induced is (where α = Coefficient of linear expansion, and E = Modulus of elasticity for the bar material)

✅ The correct answer is option A.

The condition for the reversibility of a cycle is

the pressure and temperature of the working substance must not differ, appreciably, from those of the surroundings at any stage in the process
all the processes, taking place in the cycle of operation, must be extremely slow
the working parts of the engine must be friction free
all of the above
✅ The correct answer is option D.