Management

Enhance your preparation with the latest Management MCQs with answers and explanations for exams, interviews, and job tests. Our collection covers key topics including principles of management, organizational behavior, human resource management, marketing, finance, operations, strategic management, and business ethics. These Management multiple-choice questions are designed for students, competitive exam aspirants, and professionals preparing for NTS, PPSC, FPSC, CSS, PMS, MBA entrance tests, and recruitment assessments. Strengthen your management knowledge and problem-solving skills with our updated Management MCQs.

451. Primary storage device such as semiconductor memory chips are called _______.

A. Parallel
B. Sequential
C. direct access
D. binary access
✅ The correct answer is option C.
Primary storage device such as semiconductor memory chips are called direct access. A primary storage device is a medium that holds memory for short periods of time while a computer is running. Although it has a much lower access time and faster performance, it is also about two orders of magnitude more costly than secondary storage.

454. Difference between budgeted contribution margin for actual sales mix and budgeted sales mix is called

A. sales quantity variance
B. cost mix variance
C. volume mix variance
D. sales mix variance
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Difference between budgeted contribution margin for actual sales mix and budgeted sales mix is called sales mix variance. Sales mix variance is the difference between a company’s budgeted sales mix and the actual sales mix. Sales mix is the proportion of each product sold relative to total sales.

455. Formula to calculate contribution margin is

A. revenue – all variable cost
B. revenue + all variable cost
C. cost + revenue
D. revenue – breakeven units
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Formula to calculate contribution margin is revenue – all variable cost. Also known as dollar contribution per unit, the measure indicates how a particular product contributes to the overall profit of the company.

456. The foremost barrier to oral communication is

A. interestedness
B. humility
C. concentration
D. poor listening
✅ The correct answer is option D.
The foremost barrier to oral communication is poor listening. Poor listening skills can result from: Lack of involvement with the other person or the topic at hand: you just don’t care enough to listen. Distractions in the environment such as excessive noise or activity. Disagreement with the speaker, resulting in mentally “shutting off” the other person.

457. According to Schein (1985), what are the levels that make up a company’s culture?

A. Artifacts, values, underlying assumptions, and behaviors
B. Artifacts, values, and underlying assumptions
C. Artifacts, communications, underlying assumptions, and behaviors
D. Values, communications, and underlying assumptions
✅ The correct answer is option A.
According to Schein (1985), Artifacts, values, underlying assumptions, and behaviors are the levels that make up a company’s culture. The first level is the characteristics of the organization which can be easily viewed, heard and felt by individuals collectively known as artifacts. The dress code of the employees, office furniture, facilities, behavior of the employees, mission and vision of the organization all come under artifacts and go a long way in deciding the culture of the workplace. The next level according to Schein which constitute the organization culture is the values of the employees. The values of the individuals working in the organization play an important role in deciding the organization culture. The thought process and attitude of employees have deep impact on the culture of any particular organization. What people actually think matters a lot for the organization? The mindset of the individual associated with any particular organization influences the culture of the workplace. The third level is the assumed values of the employees which can’t be measured but do make a difference to the culture of the organization. There are certain beliefs and facts which stay hidden but do affect the culture of the organization. The inner aspects of human nature come under the third level of organization culture. Organizations where female workers dominate their male counterparts do not believe in late sittings as females are not very comfortable with such kind of culture. Male employees on the other hand would be more aggressive and would not have any problems with late sittings. The organizations follow certain practices which are not discussed often but understood on their own. Such rules form the third level of the organization culture.

459. Primary mortgages involves

A. three institutions
B. single investor
C. multiple investor
D. multiple institutions
✅ The correct answer is option B.
Primary mortgages involves single investor. The primary mortgage market is where loans are first created. It’s where borrowers seek to hook up with mortgage originators to conclude a mortgage loan for the purchase of a home or other type of real estate.

460. Program testing concept use ________ approaches

A. Sequence
B. Parallel
C. top-down
D. bottom-up
✅ The correct answer is option C.
Program testing concept use top-down approaches. Program testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.
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