2012. Producers are otherwise known as

A. Organisms
B. Manufacturers
C. Organic compounds
D. Autotrophs
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Producers are organisms that make their own food; they are also known as autotrophs. They get energy from chemicals or the sun, and with the help of water, convert that energy into usable energy in the form of sugar, or food. The most common example of a producer are plants.

2013. Suppose last night was clear and calm. Tonight low clouds will be present. From this you would conclude that tonight’s minimum temperature will be:

A. Higher than last night’s minimum temperature
B. Lower than last night’s minimum temperature
C. The same as last night’s minimum temperature
D. Above freezing
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Tonight’s minimum temperature will be higher than last night’s minimum temperature.

2014. The main reason(s) for warm summers in northern middle latitudes is that:

A. The earth is closer to the sun in summer
B. The sun is higher in the sky and we receive more direct solar radiation
C. The days are longer
D. All of the above
✅ The correct answer is option E.
The main reasons for warm summers in northern middle latitudes is that the sun is higher in the sky and we receive more direct solar radiation and the days are longer.

2015. When the two ecosystems overlap each other, the area is called

A. Habitat
B. Niche
C. Ecotone
D. Ecotype
✅ The correct answer is option C.
An ecotone is a transition area between two biomes. It is where two ecosystems overlap each other. It may be narrow or wide, and it may be local (the zone between a field and forest) or regional (the transition between forest and grassland ecosystems).

2017. The destruction of the forest areas by man made efforts is called

A. Afforestation
B. Deforestation
C. Non-forestation
D. Bio forestation
✅ The correct answer is option B.
Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests.

2018. _________ is the phenomenon where the earth retains heat.

A. Air pollution
B. Green house effect
C. Global effect
D. Land pollution
✅ The correct answer is option B.
The greenhouse effect is one of the main factors determining the temperature of a planet. It’s the phenomenon by which certain gases – so-called greenhouse gases – in the atmosphere trap heat that would otherwise escape to space, thereby keeping the planet warm.