1981. Which of the following would be considered to be a biotic component of an environment?

A. Fire
B. Water
C. Fungi
D. Soil
✅ The correct answer is option C.
Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem. Examples of biotic components include animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Abiotic components are non-living components that influence an ecosystem. Examples of abiotic factors are temperature, air currents, water, and minerals.

1984. The main reason why vegetables take longer to cook in boiling water at high altitudes is because:

A. Water boils at a higher temperature with higher altitude
B. The temperature of the boiling water decreases with increasing altitude
C. There is less oxygen in the air at high altitude
D. Saturation vapor pressure decreases with increasing altitude
✅ The correct answer is option B.
Because water boils at a lower temperature at higher elevations, foods that are prepared by boiling or simmering will cook at a lower temperature, and it will take longer to cook. High altitude areas are also prone to low humidity, which can cause the moisture in foods to evaporate more quickly during cooking.

1986. In pond ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is

A. upright
B. inverted
C. spindle shaped
D. none of these
✅ The correct answer is option B.
The pyramid of biomass may be “inverted”. For example, in a pond ecosystem, the standing crop of phytoplankton, the major producers, at any given point will be lower than the mass of the heterotrophs, such as fish and insects.

1987. “A good absorber of a given wavelength of radiation is also a good emitter of that wavelength.” This is a statement of:

A. Stefan-Boltzmann’s law
B. Wien’s Law
C. Kirchoff’s Law
D. The First Law of Thermodynamics
✅ The correct answer is option C.
“A good absorber of a given wavelength of radiation is also a good emitter of that wavelength.” This is a statement of Kirchoff’s Law.