551. _________ is the phenomenon where the earth retains heat.

A. Air pollution
B. Green house effect
C. Global effect
D. Land pollution
✅ The correct answer is option B.
The greenhouse effect is one of the main factors determining the temperature of a planet. It’s the phenomenon by which certain gases – so-called greenhouse gases – in the atmosphere trap heat that would otherwise escape to space, thereby keeping the planet warm.

554. Where cold surface air replaces warm air, the boundary separating the different bodies of air is:

A. A parallel of latitude
B. A tornado
C. A cold front
D. A warm front
✅ The correct answer is option C.
An air mass is a large body of air that has similar moisture (density) and temperature characteristics. A front is a transition zone between two air masses. A cold front is a warm-cold air boundary with the colder air replacing the warmer.

556. Suppose it is a winter night and at about 11 p.m., the air cools to the dew-point temperature and a thick radiation fog develops. If the air continues to cool during the night, in 5 hours the dew point temperature will probably:

A. Decrease as the air becomes drier
B. Decrease as the air becomes moister
C. Increase as the air becomes drier
D. Increase as the air becomes moister
✅ The correct answer is option A.
Decrease as the air becomes drier.

557. When the air is saturated, which of the following statements is not correct?

A. The air temperature equals the wet-bulb temperature
B. The relative humidity is 100 percent
C. The air temperature equals the dew point temperature
D. An increase in temperature will cause condensation to occur
✅ The correct answer is option D.
An increase in temperature will cause condensation to occur is not correct.

559. The unfavourable alteration of environment due to human activities is termed as

A. ecological disturbance
B. catastrophe
C. ecological degradation
D. pollution
✅ The correct answer is option D.
Pollution is defined as the process of making land, water, air or other parts of the environment unfavorable for life by the introduction of a contaminant into a natural environment through human activities.

560. About ____ of the meteorologists and atmospheric scientists in the United States work in the field of weather forecasting.

A. One-tenth
B. One-half
C. Three-quarters
D. Nine-tenths
✅ The correct answer is option B.
About one-half of the meteorologists and atmospheric scientists in the United States work in the field of weather forecasting.