15. In Belgium method of tunneling _________________?

A. construction of side walls is completed before invert and roof arch are built
B. construction of roof arch is completed before side walls and invert are built
C. construction of invert is completed before side walls and roof arch are built
D. construction of invert and side walls is completed before roof arch is built
✅ The correct answer is option B.

19. Which one of the following is considered to be an advantage of the heading and benching method of tunnel construction?

A. It is suitable for construction in unstable rocks
B. In this method, it is easy to install timber support
C. Tunnelling can be continuous and the work can be expedited
D. In case of excessive water, it is easy to take correct steps
✅ The correct answer is option C.

20. Assertion A : When rock conditions are favorable, it will not be necessary to take up concrete lining concurrently with the driving operations till the full length of the tunnel has been driven through rock. Reason R : A tunnel through rock, hard or soft, does not need any concrete lining________________?

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
✅ The correct answer is option C.