Chemical Engineering

is economical in operation.

employs high velocity, high heat transfer rate and less heating surface requirement.

employs a centrifugal pump placed between external downtake from vapor drum and inlet to tube bundle.

both (b) & (c).

small horizontal

large horizontal

tall vertical

thick walled

The tensile strength of a brittle material is less than its compressive strength.

The compressive strength of a ductile materia] is less than its tensile strength.

In a thick cylindrical shell, the hoop stress is maximum at the inner radius.

The value of crushing load is more than that of buckling load for long colmns.

0.05 to 0.15

0.25 to 0.50

0.5 to 0.8

0.8 to 0.9

double pipe heat exchanger.

multipass shell and tube heat exchanger.

fouling fluids.

counter flow of hot and cold fluids.

characteristic of process fluid.

velocity of process fluid containing suspended solids.

suspended solids in the fluid.

all (a), (b) and (c).

It is unsuitable for concentrating those liquids, which form a scale or deposit salt.

It is suitable for process, in which the final product is a liquor instead of solid.

Its usual dimensions are: tube dia = 2-3 cms; evaporator body dia = 1-4 metres and evaporator height = 2.5-4 metres.

Liquor flows inside the tube, while the steam is outside submerging the tube.

axial tensile stress in the pipe.

forces exerted by static and dynamic action at bends.

circumferential pipewall tension.

temperature stresses.

height is 75% of the I.D. of the shell.

height is 25% of the I.D. of the shell.

spacing is 75% of its height.

width is 25% of its height.

tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used.

area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube.

liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube.

all (a), (b) & (c).